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Petar Cubela
2025-05-13 15:14:14 +02:00
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diary/2025-05-12.md
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@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ $i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Large{|}\psi \Large{>} = \hat{H} \Large{|}\
- [ ] Firewall Migration - mache Termin mit ssr aus. frage nina vorher ob noetig
- [ ] MS Teams nicht mehr unterstuetzt unter MacOS<=13
- [ ] Domaenen umziehen
- [ ] m365 migration: Max sein Thema
### Todo
@@ -27,7 +28,14 @@ $i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Large{|}\psi \Large{>} = \hat{H} \Large{|}\
- 09:00 - 09:30: Gespraech mit Patryk, Kaffee machen, Sortieren, Planen
- 09:30 - 10:00: Ticketpflege
- 10:00 - 10:15: Pause
- 10:15 - 10:45: Patryk Projekt Planung
- 10:15 - 11:00: Patryk Projekt Planung
- 11:00 - 11:30: blocherer schule. AP nicht angebunden
- 11:45 - 12:45: Pause
- 13:15 - 14:15: Meeting mit Patryk
- 14:15 - 14:30: Nina schreiben wegen der Firewall Migration
- 14:30 - 14:45: Wazuh Installationsmethode lernen
- 14:45 - 15:15: SSR Zertifikate einspielen, Zertifikate Format anpassen und Passwortschutz entfernen
- 15:15 - 17:15: Patryk: Wazuh Server installieren und VM fuer Wazuh Agent installieren, Win11 Test VM fuer Patryk installieren, Wazuh testweise anschauen
## todo

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$i\hbar \frac{\partial}{\partial t} \Large{|}\psi \Large{>} = \hat{H} \Large{|}\psi \Large{>}$
![important](files/sbx/important.png)
### SSR offene Themen
- [ ] Firewall Migration - mache Termin mit ssr aus. frage nina vorher ob noetig
- [ ] MS Teams nicht mehr unterstuetzt unter MacOS<=13
- [ ] Domaenen umziehen
- [ ] m365 migration: Max sein Thema
## Timestamps
- 08:00 - 08:30: MacOS Update
- 08:30 - 08:45: Gespraech mit Saulius zu seiner Matrix
- 08:45 - 09:15: [x] KWA: Kristina kann kein Ticket erstellen und sie kann einer benoetigten Gruppe nicht beitreten, Pruefe M365 dashboard auf Berechtigungen fuer das Postfach 635, Gespraech mit Michael zu Ninja Agent Fehler
- 09:15 - 09:45: [x] Kontakt zu Kristina Franzl, Postfach einbinden, Test Ticket erstellen
- 09:45 - 10:00: Private Planung
- 10:00 - 11:30: Saulius Matrix und Profil
- 12:00 - 13:00: Pause
- 13:00 - 14:00: SSR zertifikate einspielen: firewall, mail server, filewave, nas/synology, mailstore, ldap server; nas update
- 14:00 - 14:30: Lebenslauf fuer Saulius erweitern
- 14:30 - 14:40: ILo Lizenz bei NeoSphere einspielen fuer ubt03
- 14:40 - 15:00: Gespraech mit Sebastian
- 15:00 - 15:30:
## Monday
- 09:00 - 09:30: Gespraech mit Patryk, Kaffee machen, Sortieren, Planen
- 09:30 - 10:00: Ticketpflege
- 10:00 - 10:15: Pause
- 10:15 - 11:00: Patryk Projekt Planung
- 11:00 - 11:30: blocherer schule. AP nicht angebunden
- 11:45 - 12:45: Pause
- 13:15 - 14:15: Meeting mit Patryk
- 14:15 - 14:30: Nina schreiben wegen der Firewall Migration
- 14:30 - 14:45: Wazuh Installationsmethode lernen
- 14:45 - 15:15: SSR Zertifikate einspielen, Zertifikate Format anpassen und Passwortschutz entfernen
- 15:15 - 17:15: Patryk: Wazuh Server installieren und VM fuer Wazuh Agent installieren, Win11 Test VM fuer Patryk installieren, Wazuh testweise anschauen
## todo
### General
- [ ] Liste erstellen aller Projekte, die es gibt und neuem Mitarbeiter vorstellen
- [ ] handout fuer jeweils sophos und opnsense als vergleich
- [ ] verbraucherzentrale cybercns ueberpruefung - kw ab dem 16.01 wegen baldiger sicherheitspruefung
- [=] filewave - integrate new admin user - integrated in filewave - need to be tested and then deployed on all macs
- [ ] kwa/ssr snmp karten fuer usv
- [ ] update filewave admin und central
### SBX
- [ ] backup on external drive for pve.lab.softbox.net
- [ ] check if possible to monitor vsphere passwd expiration
- [ ] create obsidian templates (Meetings, People, )
- [ ] sbx - opsreportcard summary for action plan
- [ ] fuege bharchitekten zu connectsecure hinzu
- [ ] erstelle connectsecure report fuer grasslfing

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projects/patryk-projekt/20250512-gemma-planning.md
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---
title: "Wazuh - Patryk Chrostowski"
author: Petar Cubela
date: May 12, 2025
geometry: margin=1.5cm
output: pdf_document
---
## Gemma
### USER
I am a project supporter for a trainee which is working on his final project.

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\subsection{Gemma}\label{gemma}
\subsubsection{USER}\label{user}
I am a project supporter for a trainee which is working on his final
project.\\
The project studies the implementation and evaluation of the open source
security solution, \href{https://documentation.wazuh.com/}{Wazuh}.\\
\textbf{Study the documentation via a Web Search before answering.}
The project has to be completed in a time span of two weeks (10 work
days).
For our hardware base we have a computer with 32 GB of RAM and a strong
enough CPU.\\
Outline the project planning; this is a template for the project
goals:\\
1. Implement Wazuh in a test environment. The base infrastructure has to
be build and prepared. (Which OS?, Infrastructure scheme for the Wazuh
agent, manager and alerting systems)\\
2. Implementation of penetration tests and potential attack scenarios
(brute-force-attacks, port-scanning and exploits and weaknesses)\\
3. Analysis of Wazuh's reaction. (Real time monitoring and alerting,
automatic defense mechanisms, Logging and Reporting)\\
4. Optimization of Wazuh and Security policies.\\
5. Piratical importance and use in the industry
Think about the time scheduling and difficulties in the project.
\subsubsection{ASSISTANT}\label{assistant}
Okay, let's map out a project plan for your trainee's Wazuh final
project. Considering the two-week (10 workdays) timeframe, a Proxmox
base, and the scope you're outlining, we need to be realistic and
prioritize. This outline balances project goals with achievable
milestones within the time constraint. I'll provide a detailed schedule
with estimated time commitments and potential pitfalls.
\textbf{Overall Strategy:} We're going to aim for a \emph{functional}
implementation with a strong foundation for further exploration. We
won't necessarily cover \emph{every} feature of Wazuh in detail, but we
will demonstrate core functionality and build a platform for the trainee
to learn more. Documenting each step thoroughly is crucial, not just for
the project itself, but also for the trainee's learning.
\textbf{1. Infrastructure \& Base Build (Days 1-2 -- High Priority)}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Operating System Choice:} Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS is a solid
choice. It's widely supported, has excellent Wazuh compatibility, and
is familiar to many Linux users. Debian is also excellent, but
Ubuntu's larger community and readily available resources often make
troubleshooting easier.
\item
\textbf{Proxmox VM Configuration:}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Manager VM:} Minimum 4GB RAM (6-8GB is better for future
expansion), 2 vCPUs. Allocate enough disk space (50GB+) for logs and
Wazuh data.
\item
\textbf{Agent VM (at least 2-3 for testing):} 2GB RAM is typically
sufficient. Allocate 20-30GB of disk space.
\end{itemize}
\item
\textbf{Infrastructure Scheme:}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Manager (Centralized):} This VM hosts the Wazuh manager
components: \texttt{wazuh-manager}, \texttt{wazuh-logtest},
\texttt{wazuh-api}, and database (Elasticsearch is standard).
\item
\textbf{Agents (Distributed):} These VMs are the targets of Wazuh
monitoring. They run the \texttt{wazuh-agent} process. Ideally,
these should represent different ``typical'' workloads: a web
server, a database server (if possible), and maybe a desktop
environment.
\item
\textbf{Alerting:} We'll leverage Wazuh's built-in alerting
mechanism (email, Syslog). We're not setting up a dedicated external
SIEM in this timeframe.
\end{itemize}
\item
\textbf{Task Breakdown (Days 1-2):}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Day 1:} Proxmox setup, Manager VM creation \& basic
configuration (network, hostname, time).
\item
\textbf{Day 1.5:} Agent VM creation (at least 2, more if time
allows).
\item
\textbf{Day 2:} Install and configure Wazuh Manager components on
the Manager VM. Initial agent deployment. \emph{Key: Get at least
one agent reporting successfully to the manager.}
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\textbf{2. Penetration Tests \& Attack Scenarios (Days 3-5 -- Medium
Priority)}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Focus on Fundamentals:} Don't try to do everything. Pick 2-3
realistic scenarios that demonstrate Wazuh's capabilities.
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Scenario 1: Brute-Force SSH:} Simple to execute,
demonstrates authentication monitoring.
\item
\textbf{Scenario 2: Port Scanning (Nmap):} Demonstrates detection of
reconnaissance activity. Make sure the firewall rules don't block
the manager, so Wazuh can detect the scan.
\item
\textbf{Scenario 3: Exploiting a Vulnerable Service (e.g.,
vulnerable web server):} Requires more setup but showcases
vulnerability detection (if Wazuh's rules are configured to cover
it, otherwise the goal is to show Wazuh detection and alerting of
unexpected service activity).
\end{itemize}
\item
\textbf{Tools:} Nmap, Hydra (for brute-force), Metasploit (optional
for more complex exploits).
\item
\textbf{Task Breakdown (Days 3-5):}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Day 3:} Set up basic penetration testing environment (tools
installation, initial configuration). Execute SSH brute-force attack
against an agent.
\item
\textbf{Day 4:} Execute port scanning against agents. Begin initial
configuration of Wazuh rules (if time allows, focus on SSH
brute-force and port scanning detection).
\item
\textbf{Day 5:} Execute the vulnerable service exploit (if chosen).
Focus on observing Wazuh's reactions.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\textbf{3. Analysis of Wazuh Reaction (Days 5-7 -- High Priority)}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Focus:} Real-time monitoring, alerting effectiveness, log
analysis, and reporting.
\item
\textbf{Metrics:} Time to detection, accuracy of alerts, frequency of
false positives.
\item
\textbf{Tools:} Wazuh dashboard, log files, command-line tools (grep,
less).
\item
\textbf{Task Breakdown (Days 5-7):}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Days 5-6:} Review Wazuh dashboards and logs in real-time
during and after the penetration tests. Analyze the alerts
generated.
\item
\textbf{Day 7:} Generate a basic Wazuh report (daily/weekly summary
of detected events).
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\textbf{4. Optimization of Wazuh and Security Policies (Days 8-9 --
Medium Priority)}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Goal:} Reduce false positives, improve detection accuracy, and
tailor Wazuh to the specific environment.
\item
\textbf{Tasks:} Fine-tune Wazuh rules, adjust thresholds, exclude
specific events from monitoring (carefully).
\item
\textbf{Considerations:} This is iterative. Expect to make adjustments
based on observations from the analysis phase.
\item
\textbf{Task Breakdown (Days 8-9):} Review Wazuh's documentation on
rule customization and exclusion. Adjust rules as needed.
\end{itemize}
\textbf{5. Practical Importance \& Use in the Industry (Day 10 -- Low
Priority/Presentation Prep)}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Research:} Briefly research how Wazuh is used in different
industries (security vendors, cloud providers, etc.).
\item
\textbf{Presentation:} Prepare a short presentation summarizing the
project's findings, demonstrating Wazuh's capabilities, and discussing
its potential benefits.
\end{itemize}
\textbf{Potential Difficulties \& Mitigation:}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Time Constraints:} Prioritize core functionality. Don't try to
cover everything.
\item
\textbf{Wazuh Complexity:} The initial setup can be challenging. Start
with the basics and gradually add complexity.
\item
\textbf{False Positives:} Expected. Requires time and effort to
mitigate. Emphasize the iterative nature of rule tuning.
\item
\textbf{Proxmox Knowledge:} Ensure the trainee has basic familiarity
with Proxmox.
\item
\textbf{Dependency Conflicts:} Occasionally, packages can conflict. Be
prepared to troubleshoot.
\end{itemize}
\textbf{Important Notes for the Trainee:}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Documentation:} Document every step, including successes and
failures. This is critical for learning.
\item
\textbf{Ask Questions:} Don't hesitate to ask for help.
\item
\textbf{Focus on Understanding:} The goal is to understand how Wazuh
works, not just to get it working.
\item
\textbf{Have Fun!}
\end{itemize}
To help me refine this plan further, could you tell me:
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
What's the trainee's current level of Linux experience?
\item
Has the trainee worked with Proxmox before?
\item
Are there any specific security concepts or vulnerabilities the
project should focus on?
\end{itemize}
\subsubsection{USER}\label{user-1}
Write a summary - potentially visual/graphical - which shows the
structure of the chosen setup: proxmox host with several VMs for the
different purposes with taking into account network settings, user
settings and other necessary information.
Too answer your questions:\\
- The trainee's Linux experience is medium. But he has beginner
knowledge in using the command line as he's doing a course by
\url{https://tryhackme.com/login}\\
- The trainee has not worked with promxox before, but I would help him
to setup it up.\\
- The project should focus on security concept important in industry
environments which are usually internal networks.
\subsubsection{ASSISTANT}\label{assistant-1}
Okay, let's create a visual summary of the proposed setup, tailored to
the trainee's experience and the focus on internal network security.
I'll present this as a layered description that you can translate into a
diagram (using tools like draw.io, Lucidchart, or even just hand-drawn).
I'll then follow this with considerations for user accounts and
networking.
\textbf{1. Visual Summary - Layered Diagram Description}
\emph{(Imagine this as a diagram with layers. We'll describe each layer.
I'm using text to represent visual elements; you or the trainee would
translate this into an actual visual representation).}
\textbf{Layer 3: Physical Hardware (Base)}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Element:} A box labeled ``Proxmox Host Server''
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Attributes:} ``32GB RAM'', ``Strong CPU'', ``Sufficient
Storage''
\item
\textbf{Connection:} This is the base of the diagram.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\textbf{Layer 2: Virtual Machines (VMs)}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Elements:} Three distinct boxes positioned above the Proxmox
Host:
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{VM1: ``Wazuh Manager''}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Attributes:} ``4GB RAM (6-8GB Recommended)'', ``2 vCPUs'',
``50GB+ Disk''
\item
\textbf{Operating System:} Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS
\item
\textbf{Services:} \texttt{wazuh-manager}, \texttt{wazuh-logtest},
\texttt{wazuh-api}, Elasticsearch (for Wazuh data)
\end{itemize}
\item
\textbf{VM2: ``Agent 1 -- Web Server''}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Attributes:} ``2GB RAM'', ``1 vCPU'', ``30GB Disk''
\item
\textbf{Operating System:} Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (or a
simplified web server OS like Alpine Linux for minimal attack
surface -- if appropriate for the trainee's skill level)
\item
\textbf{Services:} Apache/Nginx (minimal web server setup),
\texttt{wazuh-agent}
\end{itemize}
\item
\textbf{VM3: ``Agent 2 -- Database Server''} (Optional -- if time
allows and the trainee is comfortable)
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Attributes:} ``2GB RAM'', ``1 vCPU'', ``30GB Disk''
\item
\textbf{Operating System:} Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS
\item
\textbf{Services:} MySQL/PostgreSQL (minimal database setup),
\texttt{wazuh-agent}
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\item
\textbf{Connections:} Arrows pointing \emph{upward} from the Proxmox
Host to each VM, indicating virtualization.
\end{itemize}
\textbf{Layer 1: Logical Network (Overlay)}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Element:} A dotted-line box encompassing all three VMs,
labeled ``Internal Network (192.168.1.0/24)'' -- This is a simplified
private network.
\item
\textbf{IP Addresses (Example):}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
Proxmox Host (Management Interface): 192.168.1.10
\item
Wazuh Manager: 192.168.1.11
\item
Agent 1 (Web Server): 192.168.1.12
\item
Agent 2 (Database Server): 192.168.1.13
\end{itemize}
\item
\textbf{Firewall:} \emph{Crucially}, a simplified representation of a
firewall within the Proxmox Host or on the network itself. This
highlights the need for controlled access.
\end{itemize}
\textbf{2. User Accounts \& Security}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Proxmox Host:}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
Create a dedicated user account for the trainee (e.g.,
\texttt{wazuh-trainee}). Restrict access to the minimum necessary
for managing the VMs.
\item
Enable 2FA (Two-Factor Authentication) for all Proxmox accounts.
\end{itemize}
\item
\textbf{Wazuh Manager VM:}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
Create a dedicated user for the Wazuh manager (e.g.,
\texttt{wazuh}). Restrict privileges.
\item
\emph{Important:} Configure SSH access to the manager \emph{only}
with key-based authentication. Disable password authentication.
\end{itemize}
\item
\textbf{Agent VMs:}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
Create a dedicated user for each agent (e.g., \texttt{webuser},
\texttt{dbuser}).
\item
Restrict user privileges. Use \texttt{sudo} for necessary
administrative tasks.
\item
Disable direct SSH access to the agents if possible (use
\texttt{wazuh-agent} for remote management).
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\textbf{3. Network Considerations}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Private Network:} Use a private IP address range (e.g.,
192.168.1.0/24, 10.0.0.0/24).
\item
\textbf{DHCP:} Consider a DHCP server for simplified IP assignment.
\item
\textbf{DNS:} Set up a basic DNS server (even just a local one) for
name resolution.
\item
\textbf{Firewall Rules:} (This is vital for a secure internal network)
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
Allow traffic \emph{between} the VMs necessary for Wazuh monitoring
and agent communication.
\item
Restrict external access to the VMs. For example, only allow SSH
access to the Wazuh Manager from the Proxmox Host.
\end{itemize}
\end{itemize}
\textbf{Important Notes for the Trainee \& You:}
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
\textbf{Documentation is Key:} Document \emph{everything} -- VM
creation, configuration, network settings, user accounts.
\item
\textbf{Security Best Practices:} Reinforce security best practices
throughout the setup process.
\item
\textbf{Gradual Complexity:} Start with the basics and gradually add
complexity as the trainee gains experience.
\item
\textbf{Focus on the ``Why'':} Explain \emph{why} certain
configurations are necessary for security.
\item
\textbf{Testing:} Thoroughly test the setup after each configuration
change.
\end{itemize}
To tailor this further, could you clarify:
\begin{itemize}
\tightlist
\item
What level of detail should the trainee document? (e.g., full command
output, just configuration files)
\item
Do you want the trainee to focus on specific security concepts (e.g.,
least privilege, defense in depth)?
\end{itemize}

25
projects/sbx/sbx-lab-network.md
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@@ -6,14 +6,17 @@
### Static IPs
| hostname | mac | IP | comment | active |
| -------- | ----------------- | ------------ | --------------------- | ------ |
| gw | | 10.11.12.254 | sophos fw | true |
| dns1 | | 10.11.12.253 | bind master | true |
| dns2 | | 10.11.12.252 | bind slave | true |
| node1 | | 10.11.12.2 | opnsense cluster test | false |
| node2 | | 10.11.12.3 | opnsense cluster test | false |
| vip-wan | | 10.11.12.4 | opnsense cluster test | false |
| drawio | | 10.11.12.20 | opnsense cluster test | false |
| pxe | BC:24:11:99:2D:8A | 10.11.12.69 | netbbot_xyz | true |
| metabase | | 10.11.12.99 | test for discopharma | false |
| hostname | mac | IP | comment | active |
| ------------ | ----------------- | ------------ | ------------------------ | ------ |
| gw | | 10.11.12.254 | sophos fw | true |
| dns1 | | 10.11.12.253 | bind master | true |
| dns2 | | 10.11.12.252 | bind slave | true |
| node1 | | 10.11.12.2 | opnsense cluster test | false |
| node2 | | 10.11.12.3 | opnsense cluster test | false |
| vip-wan | | 10.11.12.4 | opnsense cluster test | false |
| drawio | | 10.11.12.20 | opnsense cluster test | false |
| pve-wazuh | | 10.11.12.40 | patryk test pve | true |
| wazuh-server | | 10.11.12.41 | patryk test wazuh server | true |
| wazuh-win-11 | | 10.11.12.42 | patryk test win11 client | true |
| pxe | BC:24:11:99:2D:8A | 10.11.12.69 | netbbot_xyz | true |
| metabase | | 10.11.12.99 | test for discopharma | false |

14
projects/ssr/20250508-Zertifikate-einspielen.md
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@@ -1,10 +1,10 @@
## Services
- [ ] Kerio Control (Firewall)
- [ ] Kerio Connect (Mail Server)
- [ ] Univention LDAP/DNS
- [ ] Synology
- [ ] Mailstore
- [ ] Filewave
- [ ] Projekt Pro
- [ ] Kerio Control (Firewall) --> not good; could die in the process
- [x] Kerio Connect (Mail Server)
- [x] Univention LDAP/DNS (not needed as it seems)
- [x] Synology
- [x] Mailstore
- [x] Filewave
- [x] Projekt Pro (not necessary; caddy in front)