503 lines
16 KiB
TeX
503 lines
16 KiB
TeX
\subsection{Gemma}\label{gemma}
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\subsubsection{USER}\label{user}
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I am a project supporter for a trainee which is working on his final
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project.\\
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The project studies the implementation and evaluation of the open source
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security solution, \href{https://documentation.wazuh.com/}{Wazuh}.\\
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\textbf{Study the documentation via a Web Search before answering.}
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The project has to be completed in a time span of two weeks (10 work
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days).
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For our hardware base we have a computer with 32 GB of RAM and a strong
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enough CPU.\\
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Outline the project planning; this is a template for the project
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goals:\\
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1. Implement Wazuh in a test environment. The base infrastructure has to
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be build and prepared. (Which OS?, Infrastructure scheme for the Wazuh
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agent, manager and alerting systems)\\
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2. Implementation of penetration tests and potential attack scenarios
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(brute-force-attacks, port-scanning and exploits and weaknesses)\\
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3. Analysis of Wazuh's reaction. (Real time monitoring and alerting,
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automatic defense mechanisms, Logging and Reporting)\\
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4. Optimization of Wazuh and Security policies.\\
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5. Piratical importance and use in the industry
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Think about the time scheduling and difficulties in the project.
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\subsubsection{ASSISTANT}\label{assistant}
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Okay, let's map out a project plan for your trainee's Wazuh final
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project. Considering the two-week (10 workdays) timeframe, a Proxmox
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base, and the scope you're outlining, we need to be realistic and
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prioritize. This outline balances project goals with achievable
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milestones within the time constraint. I'll provide a detailed schedule
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with estimated time commitments and potential pitfalls.
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\textbf{Overall Strategy:} We're going to aim for a \emph{functional}
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implementation with a strong foundation for further exploration. We
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won't necessarily cover \emph{every} feature of Wazuh in detail, but we
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will demonstrate core functionality and build a platform for the trainee
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to learn more. Documenting each step thoroughly is crucial, not just for
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the project itself, but also for the trainee's learning.
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\textbf{1. Infrastructure \& Base Build (Days 1-2 -- High Priority)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Operating System Choice:} Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS is a solid
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choice. It's widely supported, has excellent Wazuh compatibility, and
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is familiar to many Linux users. Debian is also excellent, but
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Ubuntu's larger community and readily available resources often make
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troubleshooting easier.
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\item
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\textbf{Proxmox VM Configuration:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Manager VM:} Minimum 4GB RAM (6-8GB is better for future
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expansion), 2 vCPUs. Allocate enough disk space (50GB+) for logs and
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Wazuh data.
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\item
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\textbf{Agent VM (at least 2-3 for testing):} 2GB RAM is typically
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sufficient. Allocate 20-30GB of disk space.
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\end{itemize}
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\item
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\textbf{Infrastructure Scheme:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Manager (Centralized):} This VM hosts the Wazuh manager
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components: \texttt{wazuh-manager}, \texttt{wazuh-logtest},
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\texttt{wazuh-api}, and database (Elasticsearch is standard).
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\item
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\textbf{Agents (Distributed):} These VMs are the targets of Wazuh
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monitoring. They run the \texttt{wazuh-agent} process. Ideally,
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these should represent different ``typical'' workloads: a web
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server, a database server (if possible), and maybe a desktop
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environment.
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\item
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\textbf{Alerting:} We'll leverage Wazuh's built-in alerting
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mechanism (email, Syslog). We're not setting up a dedicated external
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SIEM in this timeframe.
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\end{itemize}
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\item
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\textbf{Task Breakdown (Days 1-2):}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Day 1:} Proxmox setup, Manager VM creation \& basic
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configuration (network, hostname, time).
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\item
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\textbf{Day 1.5:} Agent VM creation (at least 2, more if time
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allows).
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\item
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\textbf{Day 2:} Install and configure Wazuh Manager components on
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the Manager VM. Initial agent deployment. \emph{Key: Get at least
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one agent reporting successfully to the manager.}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{2. Penetration Tests \& Attack Scenarios (Days 3-5 -- Medium
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Priority)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Focus on Fundamentals:} Don't try to do everything. Pick 2-3
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realistic scenarios that demonstrate Wazuh's capabilities.
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Scenario 1: Brute-Force SSH:} Simple to execute,
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demonstrates authentication monitoring.
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\item
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\textbf{Scenario 2: Port Scanning (Nmap):} Demonstrates detection of
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reconnaissance activity. Make sure the firewall rules don't block
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the manager, so Wazuh can detect the scan.
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\item
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\textbf{Scenario 3: Exploiting a Vulnerable Service (e.g.,
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vulnerable web server):} Requires more setup but showcases
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vulnerability detection (if Wazuh's rules are configured to cover
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it, otherwise the goal is to show Wazuh detection and alerting of
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unexpected service activity).
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\end{itemize}
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\item
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\textbf{Tools:} Nmap, Hydra (for brute-force), Metasploit (optional
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for more complex exploits).
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\item
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\textbf{Task Breakdown (Days 3-5):}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Day 3:} Set up basic penetration testing environment (tools
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installation, initial configuration). Execute SSH brute-force attack
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against an agent.
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\item
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\textbf{Day 4:} Execute port scanning against agents. Begin initial
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configuration of Wazuh rules (if time allows, focus on SSH
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brute-force and port scanning detection).
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\item
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\textbf{Day 5:} Execute the vulnerable service exploit (if chosen).
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Focus on observing Wazuh's reactions.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{3. Analysis of Wazuh Reaction (Days 5-7 -- High Priority)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Focus:} Real-time monitoring, alerting effectiveness, log
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analysis, and reporting.
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\item
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\textbf{Metrics:} Time to detection, accuracy of alerts, frequency of
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false positives.
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\item
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\textbf{Tools:} Wazuh dashboard, log files, command-line tools (grep,
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less).
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\item
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\textbf{Task Breakdown (Days 5-7):}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Days 5-6:} Review Wazuh dashboards and logs in real-time
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during and after the penetration tests. Analyze the alerts
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generated.
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\item
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\textbf{Day 7:} Generate a basic Wazuh report (daily/weekly summary
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of detected events).
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{4. Optimization of Wazuh and Security Policies (Days 8-9 --
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Medium Priority)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Goal:} Reduce false positives, improve detection accuracy, and
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tailor Wazuh to the specific environment.
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\item
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\textbf{Tasks:} Fine-tune Wazuh rules, adjust thresholds, exclude
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specific events from monitoring (carefully).
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\item
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\textbf{Considerations:} This is iterative. Expect to make adjustments
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based on observations from the analysis phase.
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\item
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\textbf{Task Breakdown (Days 8-9):} Review Wazuh's documentation on
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rule customization and exclusion. Adjust rules as needed.
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{5. Practical Importance \& Use in the Industry (Day 10 -- Low
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Priority/Presentation Prep)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Research:} Briefly research how Wazuh is used in different
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industries (security vendors, cloud providers, etc.).
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\item
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\textbf{Presentation:} Prepare a short presentation summarizing the
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project's findings, demonstrating Wazuh's capabilities, and discussing
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its potential benefits.
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{Potential Difficulties \& Mitigation:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Time Constraints:} Prioritize core functionality. Don't try to
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cover everything.
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\item
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\textbf{Wazuh Complexity:} The initial setup can be challenging. Start
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with the basics and gradually add complexity.
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\item
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\textbf{False Positives:} Expected. Requires time and effort to
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mitigate. Emphasize the iterative nature of rule tuning.
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\item
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\textbf{Proxmox Knowledge:} Ensure the trainee has basic familiarity
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with Proxmox.
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\item
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\textbf{Dependency Conflicts:} Occasionally, packages can conflict. Be
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prepared to troubleshoot.
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{Important Notes for the Trainee:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Documentation:} Document every step, including successes and
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failures. This is critical for learning.
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\item
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\textbf{Ask Questions:} Don't hesitate to ask for help.
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\item
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\textbf{Focus on Understanding:} The goal is to understand how Wazuh
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works, not just to get it working.
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\item
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\textbf{Have Fun!}
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\end{itemize}
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To help me refine this plan further, could you tell me:
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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What's the trainee's current level of Linux experience?
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\item
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Has the trainee worked with Proxmox before?
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\item
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Are there any specific security concepts or vulnerabilities the
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project should focus on?
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\end{itemize}
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\subsubsection{USER}\label{user-1}
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Write a summary - potentially visual/graphical - which shows the
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structure of the chosen setup: proxmox host with several VMs for the
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different purposes with taking into account network settings, user
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settings and other necessary information.
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Too answer your questions:\\
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- The trainee's Linux experience is medium. But he has beginner
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knowledge in using the command line as he's doing a course by
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\url{https://tryhackme.com/login}\\
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- The trainee has not worked with promxox before, but I would help him
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to setup it up.\\
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- The project should focus on security concept important in industry
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environments which are usually internal networks.
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\subsubsection{ASSISTANT}\label{assistant-1}
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Okay, let's create a visual summary of the proposed setup, tailored to
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the trainee's experience and the focus on internal network security.
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I'll present this as a layered description that you can translate into a
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diagram (using tools like draw.io, Lucidchart, or even just hand-drawn).
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I'll then follow this with considerations for user accounts and
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networking.
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\textbf{1. Visual Summary - Layered Diagram Description}
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\emph{(Imagine this as a diagram with layers. We'll describe each layer.
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I'm using text to represent visual elements; you or the trainee would
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translate this into an actual visual representation).}
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\textbf{Layer 3: Physical Hardware (Base)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Element:} A box labeled ``Proxmox Host Server''
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Attributes:} ``32GB RAM'', ``Strong CPU'', ``Sufficient
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Storage''
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\item
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\textbf{Connection:} This is the base of the diagram.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{Layer 2: Virtual Machines (VMs)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Elements:} Three distinct boxes positioned above the Proxmox
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Host:
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{VM1: ``Wazuh Manager''}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Attributes:} ``4GB RAM (6-8GB Recommended)'', ``2 vCPUs'',
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``50GB+ Disk''
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\item
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\textbf{Operating System:} Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS
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\item
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\textbf{Services:} \texttt{wazuh-manager}, \texttt{wazuh-logtest},
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\texttt{wazuh-api}, Elasticsearch (for Wazuh data)
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\end{itemize}
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\item
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\textbf{VM2: ``Agent 1 -- Web Server''}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Attributes:} ``2GB RAM'', ``1 vCPU'', ``30GB Disk''
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\item
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\textbf{Operating System:} Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS (or a
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simplified web server OS like Alpine Linux for minimal attack
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surface -- if appropriate for the trainee's skill level)
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\item
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\textbf{Services:} Apache/Nginx (minimal web server setup),
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\texttt{wazuh-agent}
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\end{itemize}
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\item
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\textbf{VM3: ``Agent 2 -- Database Server''} (Optional -- if time
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allows and the trainee is comfortable)
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Attributes:} ``2GB RAM'', ``1 vCPU'', ``30GB Disk''
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\item
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\textbf{Operating System:} Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS
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\item
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\textbf{Services:} MySQL/PostgreSQL (minimal database setup),
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\texttt{wazuh-agent}
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\item
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\textbf{Connections:} Arrows pointing \emph{upward} from the Proxmox
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Host to each VM, indicating virtualization.
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{Layer 1: Logical Network (Overlay)}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Element:} A dotted-line box encompassing all three VMs,
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labeled ``Internal Network (192.168.1.0/24)'' -- This is a simplified
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private network.
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\item
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\textbf{IP Addresses (Example):}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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Proxmox Host (Management Interface): 192.168.1.10
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\item
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Wazuh Manager: 192.168.1.11
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\item
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Agent 1 (Web Server): 192.168.1.12
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\item
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Agent 2 (Database Server): 192.168.1.13
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\end{itemize}
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\item
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\textbf{Firewall:} \emph{Crucially}, a simplified representation of a
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firewall within the Proxmox Host or on the network itself. This
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highlights the need for controlled access.
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{2. User Accounts \& Security}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Proxmox Host:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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Create a dedicated user account for the trainee (e.g.,
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\texttt{wazuh-trainee}). Restrict access to the minimum necessary
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for managing the VMs.
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\item
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Enable 2FA (Two-Factor Authentication) for all Proxmox accounts.
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\end{itemize}
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\item
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\textbf{Wazuh Manager VM:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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Create a dedicated user for the Wazuh manager (e.g.,
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\texttt{wazuh}). Restrict privileges.
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\item
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\emph{Important:} Configure SSH access to the manager \emph{only}
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with key-based authentication. Disable password authentication.
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\end{itemize}
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\item
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\textbf{Agent VMs:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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Create a dedicated user for each agent (e.g., \texttt{webuser},
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\texttt{dbuser}).
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\item
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Restrict user privileges. Use \texttt{sudo} for necessary
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administrative tasks.
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\item
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Disable direct SSH access to the agents if possible (use
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\texttt{wazuh-agent} for remote management).
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{3. Network Considerations}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Private Network:} Use a private IP address range (e.g.,
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192.168.1.0/24, 10.0.0.0/24).
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\item
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\textbf{DHCP:} Consider a DHCP server for simplified IP assignment.
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\item
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\textbf{DNS:} Set up a basic DNS server (even just a local one) for
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name resolution.
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\item
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\textbf{Firewall Rules:} (This is vital for a secure internal network)
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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Allow traffic \emph{between} the VMs necessary for Wazuh monitoring
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and agent communication.
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\item
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Restrict external access to the VMs. For example, only allow SSH
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access to the Wazuh Manager from the Proxmox Host.
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\end{itemize}
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\end{itemize}
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\textbf{Important Notes for the Trainee \& You:}
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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\textbf{Documentation is Key:} Document \emph{everything} -- VM
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creation, configuration, network settings, user accounts.
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\item
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\textbf{Security Best Practices:} Reinforce security best practices
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throughout the setup process.
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\item
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\textbf{Gradual Complexity:} Start with the basics and gradually add
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complexity as the trainee gains experience.
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\item
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\textbf{Focus on the ``Why'':} Explain \emph{why} certain
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configurations are necessary for security.
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\item
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\textbf{Testing:} Thoroughly test the setup after each configuration
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change.
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\end{itemize}
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To tailor this further, could you clarify:
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\begin{itemize}
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\tightlist
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\item
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What level of detail should the trainee document? (e.g., full command
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output, just configuration files)
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\item
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Do you want the trainee to focus on specific security concepts (e.g.,
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least privilege, defense in depth)?
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\end{itemize}
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